APA Standards

Formats Paraphrase A franchise agreement can be either distributorships, chain-style business operations, or manufacturing or processing-plant arrangements (Cross & Miller, 2007).     Direct Quotation “[F]ranchises fall into one of the following classifications: distributorships, chain-style business operations, and manufacturing or processing-plant arrangements” (Cross & Miller, 2007, p. 394).   (In the example of the direct quotation, the f in franchises has been placed in brackets, [F].  This indicates that in the original source the f was not capitalized.  Since this sentence is being used by itself, the author is capitalizing the f.)     Book with One Author Paraphrase (Rich, 1994). Direct Quotation (Rich, 1994, p.131) Reference Rich, D.A. (1994). How to stay motivated on a daily basis.  Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.     Book with Two Authors Paraphrase (Cross & Miller, 2007). Direct Quotation (Cross & Miller, 2007, pp. 142-143). Reference Cross, F.B., & Miller, R.L. (2007). West’s legal environment of business (6th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson Higher Education.     Book with Three Authors 1st  Paraphrase (Thorne McAlister, Ferrell, & Ferrell, 2005). 2nd  Paraphrase (Thorne McAlister et al., 2005). 1st Direct Quote (Thorne McAlister, Ferrell & Ferrell, 2005, p. 43). 2nd Direct Quote (Thorne McAlister et al., 2005, p. 43). Reference Thorne McAlister, D., Ferrell, O.C., & Ferrell, L. (2005). Business and society: a strategic approach to social responsibility (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.     Journal Article with One Author Paraphrase (Lampe, 2006). Direct Quotation (Lampe, 2006, p. 7). Reference Lampe, M. (2006). A new paradigm for the teaching of business law and legal environment classes. Journal of Legal Studies Education, 23(1), 1-51.     Journal Article with Two Authors Paraphrase (Warnick & Pareja, 2002). Direct Quotation (Warnick & Pareja, 2002, pp.54-55). Reference Warnick, J.A., & Pareja, S. (2002). Selecting a trust situs in the 21st century. Probate & Property, 16(2), 53-59.     Magazine Article Paraphrase (Kluger, 2006). Direct Quotation (Kluger, 2006, pp. 48-49). Reference Kluger, J. (2006, July 10). The new science of siblings. Time, 168(2), 47-55.     Newspaper Article Paraphrase (Laidman, 2007). Direct Quotation (Laidman, 2007, p. B2). Reference Laidman, J. (2007, February 2). Official wants state to shut repeat smoke-ban violators. The Toledo Blade, pp. B1, B2.     Newspaper Article without Author Paraphrase (“Lake local to save more than $1M by refinancing,” 2007). Direct Quotation (“Lake local to save more than $1M by refinancing,” 2007, p. B1). Reference Lake local to save more than $1M by refinancing. (2007, February 2). The Toledo Blade, p. B1.     Dictionary or Encyclopedia Paraphrase (Sadie, 1980.) Direct Quotation (Sadie, 1980, p. 23). Reference Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians (6th ed., Vols. 1-20). London: Macmillan.     Government Report 1st Paraphrase (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999). 2nd Paraphrase (NIMH, 1999). 1st Direct Quote (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999, p. 195). 2nd Direct Quote (NIMH, 1999, p. 195). Reference National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679).  Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.     Website Paraphrase (“Honda pleased with Valencia test,” 2007). Direct Quotation (“Honda pleased with Valencia test,” 2007, para.3). Reference Honda pleased with Valencia test. (2007, February 3). Retrieved February 3, 2007, from http://uk.sports.yahoo.com/03022007/23/honda-pleased-valencia-test.html.     Movie Paraphrase (“An inconvenient truth,” 2006). Direct Quotation (“An inconvenient truth,” 2006). Reference Bender, L. (Producer), Burns, S. (Producer), Burns, S.Z. (Producer), & Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth [Motion Picture]. United States: Lawrence Bender Productions.     Articles within Books (Books with Editors) Paraphrase (Hatcher, 2004). Direct Quotation (Hatcher, 2004, p. 99). Reference Hatcher, T. (2004). Ethical compass.  In J.E. Richardson (Ed.), Business ethics 04/05 (16th ed.). Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin.     Article in an Online Scholarly Journal Paraphrase (Wheelis, 2006). Direct Quotation (Wheelis, 2006, para. 4). Reference Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6.6 (2000): 33 pars. 8 May 2006 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no6/wheelis.htm     Article from a Library Subscription Database Paraphrase (Sivy, 2005). Direct Quotation (Sivy, 2005, p. 83). Reference Sivy, M. (2005). When stocks get smacked. Money, 34(3), 82-84. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from Business Source Premier database.     Audio Recording (Book) Paraphrase (Gelb, 1995). Direct Quotation (Gelb, 1995). Reference Gelb, M. (1995). Mind mapping: how to liberate your natural genius  [CD]. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc.     Music Recording Paraphrase (“Where have all the flowers gone,” 1962). Direct Quotation (“Where have all the flowers gone,” 1962). Reference Seeger, P.(1962). Where have all the flowers gone. On Pete Seeger’s Greatest Hits [CD]. New York: Columbia Records (2002).     Statutes Paraphrase (Mental Health Systems Act (1988)). Direct Quotation (Mental Health Systems Act (1988)). Reference Mental Health Systems Act, 42 U.S.C. § 9401 (1988).     Court Cases (United States Supreme Court) Paraphrase (Roe v. Wade, 1973). Direct Quotation (Roe v. Wade, 1973, p. 133). Reference Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).     Court Cases (United States Court of Appeals) Paraphrase (United States v. Microsoft Corp., 2001). Direct Quotation (United States v. Microsoft Corp., 2001, p. 49). Reference United States v. Microsoft Corp., 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001).     Court Cases (United States District Court) Paraphrase (Ward v. Arm & Hammer, 2004). Direct Quotation (Ward v. Arm & Hammer, 2004, p. 502). Reference Ward v. Arm & Hammer, 341 F. Supp. 2d 499 (D.N.J. 2004).     Court Cases (Ohio Supreme Court) Paraphrase (National City Bank, Norwalk v. Golden Acre Turkeys, Inc., 1992). Direct Quotation (National City Bank, Norwalk v. Golden Acre Turkeys, Inc., 1992, p. 374). Reference National City Bank, Norwalk v. Golden Acre Turkeys, Inc., 65 Ohio St. 3d 371 (1992).     Court Cases (Ohio Court of Appeals) Paraphrase (New Haven Supply Co. v. Murphy, 1989) Direct Quotation (New Haven Supply Co. v. Murphy, 1989, p. 663). Reference New Haven Supply Co. v. Murphy, 65 Ohio App. 3d 660 (Hancock C.A. 1989).     Court Cases (Ohio Lower Courts) Paraphrase (Jurcisin v. Fifth Third Bank, 2006). Direct Quotation (Jurcisin v. Fifth Third Bank, 2006, p. 3). Reference Jurcisin v. Fifth Third Bank, 139 Ohio Misc.2d 1 (Clermont C.P. 2006).     Court Cases (unreported) Paraphrase (State v. Amburgy, 2006). Direct Quotation (State v. Amburgy, 2006, p. 1). Reference State v. Amburgy, Case No. 04AP-1332 (Franklin C.A. January 17, 2006).     Institutional Author Paraphrase (The Coca-Cola Company, 2005). Direct Quotation (The Coca-Cola Company, 2005, p. 1). Reference The Coca-Cola Company.  (2005). Annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.     Personal Communication (Letter, Interview, E-Mail) Paraphrase (D. Meade, e-mail, January 27, 2007). Direct Quotation (D. Meade, e-mail, January 27, 2007). Reference [no reference will be made because this document is not retrievable]